Chinese surveillance cameras are being used at British Army bases despite Ministers banning them from Government buildings over fears they pose a major security risk. The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. Please subscribe or login. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Chieftain: British Army of the Rhine - BoardGameGeek 30 hurt in blast at army base. In addition to the road transport, the 21st Army Group also had barges capable of carrying 10,000 tonnes (10,000 long tons) of bulk POL. British Army of the Rhine - Wikipedia [47] As it was thought that vehicle movement in the battle area would be restricted by the weather, terrain and battle damage, units were issued with "compo" ration packs for up to two-thirds of a formation's strength, and the divisions and independent brigades were also supplied with two-, three- and five-man "AFV" ration packs in case the distribution of compo packs proved to be too difficult. The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. On the other hand, the 21st Army Group held sufficient stocks of POL to accede to a request from SHAEF to allocate 73,000 long tons (74,000t) of petrol for US use. british army of the rhine bases Although the book is concerned primarily with the British armys experiences prosecuting counterinsurgency campaigns after 1945, it proves a helpful reference guide to the composition of the British army and its overseas deployments between 1945 and 1970. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. During the first three weeks of April 1945, the 21st Army Group advanced about 320 kilometres (200mi) across northern Germany to reach the Elbe on 19 April and then the Baltic Sea. Some of the ammunition that had earlier been dumped was to be made inaccessible by flood waters. The troops were located principally in the vicinity of Cologne at an approximate cost per month of 300,000. The Cold War has gotten hot and the 3rd Shock Army is approaching your dugout but how do you differentiate a BTR from a BMP? [11] To get the railway system in operation again required the reconstruction of bridges and the importation of additional locomotives. Download Citation | The British Army of the Rhine | The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority . British Army of the Rhine - YouTube Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. [47] Four main road routes were available for troop movements, utilising road bridges over the Maas at Grave, Mook and Ravenstein. Additional supplies of fuel were loaded on DUKWs, which ferried fuel across the river until bridges were opened. The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine on 23 March. Moody, Simon J. Imagining Nuclear War in the British Army, 19451989. A special train brought the required stores to the Second Army railhead within 48 hours of a demand being lodged with the advance base. [88][92][96], Meanwhile, the First Canadian Army established two lines of communications. Printer friendly. [47], The opening of a railway bridge over the Maas at Ravenstein on 4 February enabled the FMCs to be served by rail. Check 'British Army of the Rhine' translations into Italian. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools . BAOR is defined as British Army Of the Rhine frequently. 206 FMC. It is a history of British European security commitments, of NATO military strategy, and of the changing character of land warfare after 1945. The Meuse-Escaut Canal was also opened that month, and by the end of March the Zuid-Willemsvaart and the MaasWaal Canal were also open, allowing barge traffic from Antwerp to reach the Waal. A German V-2 rocket scored a direct hit on the British POL installation at Antwerp on 19 January. [62], Once the link-up with the ground forces was effected, the 6th Airborne Division drew its supplies from XII Corps, while the US 17th Airborne Division drew its from the US Ninth Army. [78] The 21st Army Group headquarters also allocated three additional general transport companies to the British Second Army. The extensive use of the German archives is commendable."--Ian F. W. Beckett, editor of Citizen Soldiers and the British Empire, 1837-1902 "Speiser provides a well-researched, lively account of how, not always successfully, after 1945 the British attempted to use their Rhine Army to win German hearts and minds. 15 Army Roadhead. Part of Ministry of Defence. British Forces Germany (BFG) was the generic name for the three services of the British Armed Forces, made up of service personnel, UK Civil Servants, and dependents (family members), based in Germany. London: Bantam, 2009. . [77] A 370-metre (1,220ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge was built at Venlo by the 15th GHQ Troops Engineers. During the month, 432 trains delivered 230,000 tonnes (230,000 long tons) to 37 railheads in the British Second Army area. Supplies and POL were stocked at Eindhoven; POL at Schijndel; ammunition at Veghel, Uden, Oss and Wijchen; road material at Mill; coal at Best; and bridging at 's-Hertogenbosch. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. It was also feared for a time that the skeleton FMC was in danger of being inundated, although it was sited on high ground. Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany.After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for . Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, that were vital to the operation of the theatre The Site is now approaching three years of age and much has happened in that time. [9] This required major operations, and the port was not opened for shipping until 26 November. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for administration as well. percheron breeders near me; manchester public schools teacher contract; arizona cardinals schedule 2022 2023. chevy 350 compression ratio chart; matthew gunner ohanion This included the 6th Airborne Division, but it was held by the seaborne tail. [30], The two airborne divisions participating in Operation Varsity, the airborne operation supporting Operation Plunder, were initially supplied by the First Allied Airborne Army. Large numbers of displaced persons were also encountered, and they were accommodated in special camps. Chinese spy cameras are being trained on British Army bases [44] Crerar noted that if the ammunition for Operation Veritable was stacked side-by-side and 1.5 metres (5ft) high, it would have extend for 48 kilometres (30mi). [30], A rail halt was established at Gevrey-Chambertin and bivouac areas at Montbard and Chalon-sur-Sane. This brought the amount of road transport capacity under Second Army's control to 31,580 tonnes (31,080 long tons), which was reckoned to be the equivalent of 76 general transport companies. [55], When the II Canadian Corps assumed control of the left sector on 15 February, No. Chandler, David, and Ian Beckett, eds. In turn this demanded a high degree of organisation and professionalism required to utilise the available machines and firepower to best effect. Information and history about the British Military Hospital in Munster along with photos of BMH Muster and the QAs. [91] At Artlenburg, 7th Army Troops engineers constructing a 282-metre (925ft) class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge also came under air attack, and two of its mobile cranes were damaged by artillery fire, but the bridge was opened on schedule at 12:00 on 30 April. A request from the 21st army Group for additional resources to support the redeployed formations was rejected by the War Office; any additional support units required had to either be drawn from the Mediterranean or supplied by the 21st Army Group. Category : British Army of the Rhine - Wikimedia If you can't find it - tell us, if you know something - tell us. USA & International; 100 Four days later the German Instrument of Surrender was signed in Berlin, and the war with Germany was over. Learning and Adapting: The British Army from Somme to the Mexico and the United States, 18361848, Wars of, Semi-Military and Paramilitary Organizations, South West Pacific, 19411945, Campaigns in, Southeast Asian Military History, Colonial, Southeast Asian Military History, Precolonial. Four trains a day passed through Gevrey-Chambertin, which handled 72,550 personnel and 4,035 trucks. There were doubts as to whether this need could be met, but the situation was eased by the fortuitous arrival of 4,700 tonnes (4,600 long tons) of ammunition that had been pre-loaded on some of the transport that had been allocated by the 21st Army Group. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group consisted of the General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey's British Second Army. The British Army of the Rhine: Turning Nazi Enemies into Cold War [28][29] Many of the tanks needed overhaul or modification and this task was beyond the resources of the 21st Army Group's REME units, so excess tanks were shipped to the UK. 19191929. A special effort was made to ensure that all units had their full allowance of winter and protective clothing. 10 Army Roadhead commenced on 13 April, and the first train arrived at No. No 13 Army Roadhead was opened at Nijmegen on 2 March, and was stocked by rail. As was written earlier we are constantly searching for information, and adding or updating pages. 166 FMC also held 200 rounds per gun of field, 175 rounds per gun of medium, 175 rounds per gun of heavy and 50 rounds per gun of super-heavy artillery ammunition. Alpine Training Centre (ATC) Hubertus-Haus this installation provides facilities and activities, including rock climbing, kayaking, paragliding, sailing, mountain biking, and winter sports, under the auspices of the Adventurous Training Foundation Delivery (AFTD), and is maintained by military and civil personnel. Initially, bulk POL was brought across the Rhine in tanker trucks at the rate of 1,000 tonnes (1,000 long tons) per day. A. 167 FMC was handed over to it, and became No. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Use the search function to locate the Order of battle by title or file name. [63] Units participating in Operation Plunder were re-equipped before the start of the operation. In the post World War Two years Argonne Barracks became . [87], Stocking of No. [42] The weight of shell employed would still be formidable; the fire plan still called for 6 tonnes (6 long tons) of shells to be delivered on designated targets, and some would receive up to 11 tonnes (11 long tons). This page is a list of British Armies in WWII. Stores still required by the 21st Army Group were moved forward to the new advanced base, and the rest returned to the War Office for disposal. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) - GlobalSecurity.org Includes two chapters on National Service and professional recruitment after 1945, both of which were issues that influenced force generation in BAOR throughout its existence. Tony Lord. A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. British Army of the Rhine | Military Wiki | Fandom [49] In the lead up to Operation Veritable, 446 special trains were run to the First Canadian Army railheads, delivering 349,356 tonnes (343,838 long tons) of supplies, of which around 227,000 tonnes (223,000 long tons) was for Operation Veritable. The airborne troops landed with two 24-hour ration packs, and the 6th Airborne Division's seaborne tail held two days of compo rations in second line transport. Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition were made available. British Army of the Rhine in Italian - English-Italian Dictionary | Glosbe We are pleased to announce that Eureka Miniatures UK will once again be attending the hugely popular SALUTE at ExCeL, London on Saturday 22nd April 2023. Wikizero - British Army of the Rhine [30] All movements were completed by the second week of April. British Land Forces in Germany came under the command of the British Army of the Rhine. On 4 May Montgomery took the surrender of the German forces in front of the 21st Army Group. [18], Eisenhower ordered Montgomery to resume his preparations for Operation Veritable, the objective of which was to defeat the German forces west of the Rhine. The Canadian historian, Charles Stacey noted that:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, Thus, throughout the campaign in North-West Europe, there was virtually no separate Canadian supply organization other than what existed within First Canadian Army itself. Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. To maximise their turnaround time, they were only used to cover the flooded stretch, with loads transferred to them and unloaded from them into other vehicles at each end. von | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | Only the class 70 bridges would take a loaded tank transporter. 14 Army Roadhead. as (hopefully) more information is found or supplied. Due to the proximity of Rees, the VIII Corps Troops Engineers could not work on the "London" class 40 Bailey pontoon bridge until the afternoon of 25 March, and it was opened at 23:00 on 26 March. The bivouac areas were provided with temporary billets, latrines, emergency rations and fuel, and medical teams and vehicle maintenance crews were on hand. [73] XII and XXX Corps each formed a bank control group along the lines of the beach groups that had supported the Normandy landings in 1944, but with the logistical elements restricted to the medical, provost and REME components. [PDF] British Army of the Rhine by Paul Chrystal | Perlego Evolution of the organisation of the 21st Army Group line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied invasion of Germany, Development of the line of communications, British logistics in the Western Allied Invasion of Germany, Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, British logistics in the Normandy campaign, British logistics in the Siegfried Line campaign, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force, Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Supply and Maintenance on the European Continent, Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, XVIII Corps (Airborne), Operation the Elbe to the Baltic, 27 April 1945 to 3 May 1945, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_logistics_in_the_Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany&oldid=1141771057, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:30. By mid-March POL was arriving at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was coming over the Dumbo pipeline. History of the british army of the rhine 06 09 14. British Army of the Rhine - The Great War (1914-1918) Forum SALUTE 50, ExCeL London - please pre-order now In 1961, he received a commission into the Royal Corps of Signals, and served in the British Army of the Rhine . British Army of the Rhine - YouTube 0:00 / 58:47 British Army of the Rhine Ichioku 334 subscribers Subscribe 6.6K views 1 year ago BBC Documentary from 2012 (small edit to avoid. A sweeping review of four hundred years of British army history. [8], Administrative support for British service personnel in Germany and across continental Europe was delegated to United Kingdom Support Command (Germany), (UKSC(G)). Moody 2020 provides the first comprehensive study of how the army intellectualized the arrival of nuclear weapons and how they might be employed in a future war. The first troops sailed from Naples on the troop ship SS Esperance Bay on 22 February, and arrived at Marseilles two days later. The following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. This led to a scaling down of the British military presence, and a restructuring of command and support structures. The object sank after being cut loose during an attempt to recover it, and the swimmer was captured. For this the British Second Army deployed 1,520 field and medium guns, and the US Ninth Army had 624 field and medium guns. 10 Army Roadhead. [79], Vehicles crossing the Rhine did so with full fuel tanks and a reserve of filled jerricans. This badge was adopted in 1940. They had had better relations with the British than with the French, and they would have brought a measure of stability and prosperity in the difficult economic conditions of 1920s Germany. Fifteen minutes after the glider landings, there was a resupply mission flown by 240 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the US Eighth Air Force. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). 2019 Ted Fund Donors British and Commonwealth PWX were flown directly to the UK, while American PWX were flown to collecting camps around Le Havre. This annotated bibliography presents the best quality scholarship relating to BAOR, from its inception until its replacement under the conditions of the 1994 Options for Change defense review with the twenty-five-thousand strong British Forces Germany. During the Great War (1914-1918) approximately 900,000 men, a quarter of the whole Army. The Commander-in-Chief of BAOR also served as the commander of NATO's northern Army Group, and as such had Dutch and German units under command in the event of war. The pipeline running from Cherbourg to Rouen was shut down on 9 January, which freed personnel to work on extending other pipelines. [9], Under the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, it was decided that British military units would cease to be permanent deployed in Germany by the end of 2019. Includes a chapter on the activation of BAOR and its composition throughout the Cold War against the background of government defense reviews. It was therefore decided that the floating bridges should be replaced by semi-permanent ones as soon as operational circumstances permitted. This saved on road transport, but at the cost of some degree of flexibility. [43] Over 2.5 million rounds of 25-pounder ammunition was made available for Operation Veritable. [80] Although working in the British Second Army area, they remained under the command of the US Ninth Army. 10 Army Roadhead, while the attached II Canadian Corps continued to draw its from the First Canadian Army's No. Damaged vehicles on the east bank of the Rhine were collected at points near the river and transported back on rafts. The expansion of the rail network allowed the 21st Army Group to give the Second Army another 11,460 tonnes (11,280 long tons) of road transport capacity. This merely delayed work on the bridge, which was opened to traffic at 20:15. Corps Water Polo Championships, BAOR (British Army of the Rhine)Team Winners, Aldershot. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). Every available amphibious craft was collected, and they were joined by a Royal Navy contingent of 36 Landing Craft Medium (LCM) and 36 Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP) that were transported by road across Holland and Belgium to participate. The class 40 timber pile bridge at Zanten, known as "Dempsey" was built by the 18th GHQ Troops Engineers and was opened on 26 May. The longer shipping time meant that a working margin of 30 days' supplies was desirable instead of the one of 14 days for shipments from the United Kingdom. A request for an increase in the theatre reserves from 28 to 51 days was approved by the War Office, but it was not possible to increase the stockpile of ammunition, as this was already being shipped at the maximum rate. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority of the British zone of occupation, northern Germany. Three trains a day were run over this route under an arrangement with SHAEF and the American Military Railway Service. [89][90], Despite this, stocks at the Nos. Captured German dumps held sufficient quantities of food for them, but they were not always easily accessible or distributable, so some had to be fed from 21st Army Group stocks, on a temporary ration scale of 1,100 calories (4,600J) per man per day. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. In addition to the storm boats, DUKWs, Buffaloes and Weasels,[62] there were also amphibious DD tanks. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. Many had seen hard use in the Ardennes, where they had demonstrated their utility, and large numbers were in the REME workshops. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) was formed at the conclusion of World War II from various units of the British 21st Army Group. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. [28], It was estimated that seven line of communications sub area headquarters would be required to support the advance into Germany. This included 15,000,000 rations, which were gradually eaten by the troops in the RMA. Foster. SALUTE South London Warlords. [59][60] Ammunition for the 25-pounders was based on 1,500 rounds per gun. [36] Operation Veritable would be spearheaded by the five British divisions of Lieutenant General Sir Brian Horrocks's XXX Corps, and would form part of a giant pincer movement with Operation Grenade, which would be conducted by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson's US Ninth Army. [32][33], A major user of fuel was the Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation (FIDO) system at pinoy, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) per night. No. Army Group Royal Artillery . Three bridges were constructed there, but by the time they opened II Canadian Corps already had its three Canadian divisions across the Rhine. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after . By 9 February sections of the Nijmegen-Kranenburg road were under 46 centimetres (18in) of water. [46] There were 350 different types of ammunition in all. Recourse was therefore made to Weasel tracked vehicles, and every available Weasel was rushed to the front. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after 1949. [44], Thus far in the campaign in North West Europe, XXX Corps had only served as part of the British Second Army, and it found that maintenance procedures of the First Canadian Army differed from what it had been used to due to the fact that the First Canadian Army's operations had been conducted where there had been adequate communications. British Army Germany, is the superior institution under which the remaining installations of the British Forces Germany are organised after the completion of the withdrawal of the British Forces from Germany in February 2020. Another three-platoon company arrived from Italy with the Operation Goldflake units. The British Army of the Rhine - Apple Books 12 Army Roadhead in the Rheine area commenced on 3 April, and the corps started drawing from it on 9 April. Stocking of No. 14 Army Roadhead in the Sulingen area from No. 13 Army Roadhead. [50], Because it was not anticipated that the advance would be rapid, it was not considered necessary to hold large stocks of petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) in the FMCs, but to ensure that vehicles moving to the assembly areas arrived with full tanks of fuel, a train loaded with petrol was sent to Nijmegen to allow them to be topped off. All this week on Forces TV we are focusing on 'Rebasing' from Germany, as the countdown to drawdown steps up a gear. British Army Of The Rhine Bases FOR SALE! - PicClick UK [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1950s British Army Rhine Royal Artillery Soldiers sergeant officer etc 3.25*2.25 at the best online prices at eBay!
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