The Democratic nominee was 2nd district Congressman Mark Udall of Boulder who announced on January 15, 2007, that he would seek the seat and did not draw significant primary opposition. Robert Luis Santos, of Texas, to be Director of the Census for a term expiring December 31, 2026. Obama won the Electoral College after receiving 365 votes to 173 votes for McCain. The major theme during the campaign was the American public's general desire of change and reform from both Washington and the policies of President Bush. 2007 year-end reports filed with the Federal Election Commission showed that Al Franken had raised $7.04 million through December 31, 2007, while Norm Coleman had raised $6.24 million. [130], In a July 16, 2008, poll, Merkley overtook Smith for the first time 43% to 41%. Two senators from each state are elected to represent their state. By continuing to use the website cookies for non personal advertisements and analytics will still run. For more information please visit. There were also two special elections, the winners of those seats would finish the terms that ended January 3, 2013. Map of the 2008 Senate races using the latest state polls. Not on the ballot, but running a write-in campaign, was Darryl W. Perry, the 2004 Libertarian Party nominee for Pennsylvania State Treasurer and 2007 candidate for Mayor of Birmingham, Alabama. Lieutenant Governor Jim Risch was the Republican candidate; U.S. Army veteran and former congressman Larry LaRocco was the Democratic candidate. Additionally, they won Republican-held open seats in Colorado, New Mexico, and Virginia. It was also the first time two sitting senators ran against each other. Merkley beat longtime Democratic activist Steve Novick and three other candidates in a hotly contested primary. Hagan's poll numbers continued to best Dole's, however, and Hagan defeated Dole by a wider than expected[123] margin of 53% to 44%. On November 24, 2008, Governor Minner appointed Biden's longtime Chief of Staff Ted Kaufman to fill the seat. Email the Senate Curator, curator@sec.senate.gov. This is the first time this has occurred in any chamber of any state legislature in United States history. Oct. 14: Senate Races. Inhofe was re-elected, 57% to 39%. He ran for the Tennessee House in 2004.[147]. Setting the popular vote will also set the color of a state, Clicking on a district will set the popular vote to max, Clicking doesn\'t set state color or open menu, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, F - hold down to quickly fill in districts, D - hold down to fill/disable entire states. Election Map On Jan. 1, 2008, Gov. www.senate.gov. Incumbent Republican Thad Cochran announced that he would seek re-election for a sixth term. Texas has not elected a Democrat in a statewide election since 1994, but according to pre-election Rasmussen polling, senator John Cornyn had an approval rating of 50%. Politics Coronavirus Jan. 6 Riot International Entertainment Business Technology Lifestyle Health Justices Opened Door to Gerrymander Presidential Elections, How Trump Could Win Re-Election By One Electoral Vote, 3 Myths About Abolishing the Electoral College, 5 Reasons to Abolish the Electoral College, Another Look at the 2020 Battleground States, Imagining the 2024 Electoral Map After Redistricting, The Electoral College Penalizes Voters In High Turnout States, The Winner-Take-All Electoral College Isnt In the Constitution. A December 2007 poll showed Coleman's approval rating among Minnesota voters at 53%. In 1877 the practice began of moving desks back and forth across the center aisle to permit all majority party members to sit together on the appropriate side, except in a few cases where an unusually large majority existed. Click on the states in the map to toggle them between Democrat, Republican and Tossup. Collins was re-elected with 58% of the vote in 2002 over State Sen. Chellie Pingree. Republicans need a net gain of four seats in November to win control of the Senate. Senator to ever lose re-election, defeating Warren Magnuson's 1980 record. For the Georgia senate race, votes from the runoff election are counted. N.M. Governors House Senate Mixx Buzz. Cookies are used to track analytics, serve personalized ads, detect bots, and improve website functionality. * Democratic total includes Bernard Sanders, an independent from Vermont, who caucuses with the Democrats. [91] Controversy arose when Barbour called for the special election to be held on the same day as the general election. Obama won early votes in Iowa, Nevada, and South Carolina, while Clinton secured primary wins in Florida and Michigan. map.jacksonjude.com . Sen. Trent Lott's surprise resignation has opened up the other Mississippi Senate seat in 2008. Republicans were unsuccessful in persuading Governor Mike Rounds and former Lieutenant Governor Steve Kirby to run. [86] Coleman appealed this decision. Durbin won with 68% of the vote. They increased their total number of seats to 257, the largest number of seats held by either party in the House since Democrats lost control of Congress in the 1994 elections. [158] Former Governor Jim Gilmore, who dropped out of the 2008 presidential election, was the Republican nominee for the seat. Levin won re-election with 63% of the vote, to Hoogendyk's 34%. Roger Wicker, formerly the representative of Mississippi's 1st congressional district, was appointed by Governor Haley Barbour on December 31, 2007, to fill the vacancy caused by the December 18 resignation of Trent Lott. This seat was the tipping point state in the 2008 senate elections. Table of Contents 1 2008 Election Results 2 Primaries 3 Economic Issues 4 National Security 5 Strategy 6 2008 Election Results Two senators from each state are elected to represent their state. The Republican challenger turned out to be Jeff Beatty, an ex-Army Delta Force officer who garnered 30% of the vote in a challenge to Democratic Congressman Bill Delahunt in 2006. Use the interactive map tool to predict the winners of the 2014 senate elections and share with your friends! The Obama campaign used social media and data gathering to promote the candidates argument for change. Popular vote totals generally gathered from state Certificates of Ascertainment and/or results posted directly by individual states. During the 89th Congress (19651967), four senators were placed in an unusual fifth row behind the Democratic senators. [120] The Democratic nominee was state senator Kay Hagan,[121] who defeated Jim Neal and Dustin Lassiter in the Democratic primary. Obama argued that deregulation of the financial industry led to risky trading mechanisms contributing to the crisis. [88] Cochran, who has not faced serious opposition since he was re-elected in 1984, faced Democratic state Representative Erik R. Fleming, whom he defeated with 61% of the vote. senate.gov - Origins Democrats picked up net gains of eight Senate seats and 21 seats in the House of Representatives on the back of Obama's coattail effect. The state has become more Republican over the past 12 years. Craig found almost no support among Republicans in his home state or Washington. Senator Obama won the number of electors necessary to be elected president and was inaugurated on January 20, 2009.[3]. The Obama campaign also realized its commitment to younger voters by winning all age groups except those aged 65 years and older. In the early years of the Senate an equal number of desks were placed on each side of the room, separated by a central passageway, without regard to party size. The campaign engaged targeted groups through networking sites like Facebook and MySpace. iOS and Web Dev UCSB CS c/o 2024 Project List. It was also the first time the Republican Party nominated a woman for Vice President (Sarah Palin, then-Governor of Alaska). Oct. 05: Senate Races. Live election results and maps for the 2010 midterm elections, including state-by-state and county-by-county maps, and exit polls. He defeated ophthalmologist Gordon Leitch[129] in the May 20 Republican primary. Neb. There was speculation as to whether the outgoing Governor, Ruth Ann Minner, or the incoming Governor-elect Jack Markell would make the appointment, and if Biden's son, Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden would receive the appointment. 98%. It only became clear Begich had prevailed when early votes, absentee ballots, and questioned ballots were counted. Localized groups supporting Obama and Biden were able to sign up through the main campaign site, which gathered contact info for mobilization purposes. Build your own road to 270 starting with a map of reliably red and blue states, as well as the battlegrounds CNN is tracking . Congressional Democrats made gains in the House and the Senate after winning majorities in both chambers during the 2006 midterm elections. Explore the current seating plan below, use the dropdown for access to past interactive seating plans, or browse PDFs of seating configurations from before 2003. President Map - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times Election Results 2008 President Map Big Board Map Electoral Explorer Obama: Victory Speech McCain: Concession Speech Exit Polls. Latinos and the 2008 Presidential Election. Interactive USA election map for past results and future projections. Image Reproduction Requests. The 2008 presidential election was the first since 1952 in which neither an incumbent president nor an incumbent vice president was a candidate. [154], In the end, John Cornyn won re-election, 55%-43%, John Warner announced on August 31, 2007, that he would not seek re-election for another term. The selected electors from each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia voted for President and Vice President of the United States on December 15, 2008. 51 of 100 Seats Needed for Majority Current Senate: 53 ( D ); 45 ( R ); 2 ( I ) Blue Democratic Win Red Republican Win Yellow Other Party Win Light Teal Partial Results Dark Gray No Results Light. With Republican President George W. Bush term-limited, Senator John McCain of Arizona won the Republican nomination in the 2008 Republican primaries. [67] but failed to obtain the required candidacy signatures. Six of the 69 Democratic senators sat with the 23 Republican and 4 Independent senators. 2008 United States House of Representatives elections, 2008 United States gubernatorial elections, 2008 United States state legislative elections, "Democrats Poised For Landslide Wins In House", "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 4, 2008", https://ballotpedia.org/State_legislative_elections,_2008, "New York - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times", "Tennessee Republicans win slim majority in State House", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2008_United_States_elections&oldid=1138541683, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with dead external links from August 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Barreto, Matt A., et al. Risch won the election with approximately 58% of the vote. Also reported to be in the race are David "None of the Above" Gatchell a ballot activist & frequent candidate and Emory "Bo" Heyward, a software company employee, conservative activist & 2006 candidate. Those votes were tallied before a joint session of Congress on January 8, 2009. Haley Barbour (R) named Rep. Roger Wicker (R . A September 2007 poll put Inhofe's approval rating at 47%, with 41% disapproving of his performance. [168], On the Democratic side, Casper City Councilman Keith Goodenough announced his candidacy. [85] During the recount process, Minnesota was represented by only one senator, Amy Klobuchar. On November 4, 2008, Barack Obama won the presidential election, making Biden the next VP. . However, in the weeks leading up to the 2008 general election, polls showed the race tightening, reflecting a general nationwide trend. [50] The last Democratic senator from Idaho was Frank Church, who was defeated in the Republican landslide of 1980 after serving four terms. He has announced he will seek a second term in 2008. 2023 Electoral Ventures LLC. [12], Sessions defeated Figures, taking 63% of the vote to Figures's 37%, Dispelling rumors that he would retire due to advanced age (he was 84 years old on election day) and ongoing federal investigations into his conduct, senator Ted Stevens filed papers for re-election for an eighth term. All Rights Reserved. Obama campaigned on cutting low-income and middle-income taxes and raising upper-income tax rates, while McCain supported tax cuts at all income levels. It takes 270 electoral votes to win the 2020 presidential election. Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries Ron Sparks appeared to be preparing for a run, but on June 12, 2007, Sparks announced that he would not seek the Senate seat, in order to avoid a primary battle with state senator Vivian Davis Figures. By the 1930s, it had become the practice for senior senators to take front-row, center-aisle seats; junior majority party members who filled the Cherokee Strip were assigned either rear-row or end seats on the minority party side. ", This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 06:45. Fellow senator Joe Lieberman, citing his status as an independent, endorsed Collins in her 2008 re-election bid. Once thought to be secure in his re-election, McConnell's lead had shrunk dramatically thanks to the financial crisis and polling showed the race tightening between him and Lunsford. The United States Senate is the upper legislature of the bicameral legislative branch. 2012 Election Map: The race for Senate control. Senate Map - Election Results 2008 - The New York Times Senate Map Big Board Map Democrat 7 seats gained Majority Party undecided Republican 7 Seats lost 51 needed for majority Includes 39. The 56th quadrennial United States presidential election was held on November 4, 2008. A Rasmussen poll released May 11, 2008, showed Hagan leading Dole by a statistically insignificant margin, 48% - 47%,[122] suggesting a competitive race. Popular Democratic former Governor Mark Warner (no relation) was the Democratic nominee for the race. He was replaced by Scott Brown in the 2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts. Tom Udall, the popular Representative from New Mexico's 3rd District, was the Democratic nominee. [7] Figures has won elections in the Republican-leaning Mobile area. As of 2023, this is the last time Democrats won U.S. Senate seats in Alaska, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Dakota. When one party elected more than half the senators, some majority party members had to find space on the minority party side of the aisle. Projects. When asked whether the Republicans were abandoning their hopes of holding onto Domenici's seat, senator John Ensign, the chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, responded that "You dont waste money on races that dont need it or you cant win."[116]. [citation needed] Franken was sworn in as Minnesota's junior senator on July 7. Content Responsibility | What If All States Split Their Electoral Votes. simplemaps_election.votes_by_state = {"AL":9,"AK":3,"AZ":10,"AR":6,"CA":55,"CO":9,"CT":7,"DE":3,"FL":27,"GA":15,"HI":4,"ID":4,"IL":21,"IN":11,"IA":7,"KS":6,"KY":8,"LA":9,"ME":2,"ME1":1,"ME2":1,"MD":10,"MA":12,"MI":17,"MN":9,"MS":6,"MO":11,"MT":3,"NE":2,"NE1":1,"NE2":1,"NE3":1,"NV":5,"NH":4,"NJ":15,"NM":5,"NY":31,"NC":15,"ND":3,"OH":20,"OK":7,"OR":7,"PA":21,"RI":4,"SC":8,"SD":3,"TN":11,"TX":34,"UT":5,"VT":3,"VA":13,"WA":11,"WV":5,"WI":10,"WY":3,"DC":3}; Electoral Vote Map is an interactive map to help you follow the 2024 presidential election. Former Chairman of the Tennessee Democratic Party Bob Tuke was the Democratic nominee, defeating Businessman Gary Davis 30% to 23%. Reed's opponent was Robert Tingle, a pit manager at the Foxwoods Resort Casino in Connecticut, whom Reed defeated in his re-election campaign in 2002.[135]. There are typically two reasons a senator might want to change desks: to gain a better location within the Chamber, or to occupy a desk previously used by a particular senator. He also secured wins in Colorado, Indiana, Nevada, and New Mexico, which were not reliable parts of the Democratic coalition to that point. On October 19, 2007, Johnson formally announced that he was seeking re-election. Baucus easily won re-election, taking 73% of the vote, with Kelleher taking 27%. Which States Split Their Electoral Votes? [104] Prior to Shaheen's entry, Portsmouth Mayor Steve Marchand,[105] Katrina Swett, wife of former Democratic congressman Richard Swett,[106] and former astronaut Jay Buckey[107] had announced that they were running for the Democratic nomination. Note: The % column reflects the change in total number of votes won by each party from the previous election. Other Republicans included Charles Lyonel Gonyo and Sam Kephart. For more information please visit. All Rights Reserved. The last time a Cherokee Strip existed in the Senate Chamber was during the 76th Congress (19391941). Nevertheless, Stevens was narrowly ahead in the vote count after election day, with only about two-thirds of all votes counted. In December 2007, Chambliss had an approval rating of 53% and a disapproval rating of 34% according to Strategic Vision, a Republican polling firm. He also disconnected himself from the Bush administration, which became unpopular due to the financial crisis and the ongoing conflict in Iraq. Democrats won the nationwide popular vote for the House of Representatives by 7.2 percentage points,[4] gaining 21 seats. As of June 30, 2008, data from the Federal Election Commission showed the NRSC with $24.6 million on hand, as compared with the DSCC's $43 million. With the Democratic Party takeover of Capitol Hill in the 2006 midterm elections, senator Carl Levin had become one of the most powerful people in Washington as chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. Sununu's 2002 opponent, former Governor Jeanne Shaheen, decided to run and was generally considered to be a very formidable challenger. Mich. Minn. Miss. Rockefeller handily won on election day, being re-elected with 64% of the vote. For more information please visit Since Democrat Jim Webb had defeated incumbent Republican George Allen for Virginia's other Senate seat in 2006, Virginia's senate delegation flipped from entirely Republican to entirely Democratic in just two years. Controls. While senator Pete Domenici had declared that he would seek re-election in New Mexico, he changed his mind and announced on October 4, 2007, that he was retiring at the end of his current term due to a degenerative brain disorder. This was the first presidential election year since 1964 when the Democratic Party won the White House and had coattails in the Senate and House of Representatives. Dykstra won the Republican primary on June 3. Louisiana's electoral votes easily went to George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004. The 2008 United States Senate elections were held on November 4, 2008, with 35 of the 100 seats in the Senate being contested. Wolfe had 36%. It was rumored that Lt. On November 4, 2008, Coleman received 1,211,590 votes to Franken's 1,211,375 votes, a margin of 215 votes, far less than 0.1%, thereby triggering an automatic recount. Year-end cash on hand was $6.04 million for Coleman and $3.10 million for Franken.[71]. Michigan and Minnesota held elections for their lower, but not upper houses. Democratic Senator Barack Obama of Illinois won the presidential election, by defeating his challenger, Senator John McCain, and the Democrats bolstered their majority in both Houses of Congress . This map is shaded by how large the popular vote difference was between the two nominees. [153] In addition, the Green Party of Texas sought ballot access for its candidate David B. Despite voting heavily for Bush in 2004, Alabama still had a strong Democratic presence; Democrats controlled majorities of both chambers in the state legislature. [87] On June 30, 2009, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled unanimously that Al Franken received the most votes, and Norm Coleman conceded defeat after the ruling, allowing Al Franken to be Senator-elect of Minnesota. McCain and Obama both voted for a 2008 Senate bill to authorize the Treasury Department to purchase up to $700 billion in securities to prevent additional bankruptcies. Is It Realistic to Abolish the Electoral College? [131], On November 6, 2008, Jeff Merkley was projected the winner of the contest, with 48.9% to Smith's 45.6%. Date. Johnson underwent surgery in December 2006 for a cerebral arteriovenous malformation and was discharged from the hospital on April 30, 2007. Once, during the 1950s, when Senator Wayne Morse of Oregon had left the Republican Party but not yet joined the Democratic Party, he placed his chair temporarily in the middle of the center aisle in order to demonstrate his independence. Sauerberg had 29%. First-time candidate Bob Conley, an airline pilot, was the Democratic nominee. Today, at the beginning of each Congress, senators are given the option to change their seats based on seniority. Libertarian Robert J. Underwood had 3%. When the new senators were first sworn in, the balance was 5841 in favor of the Democrats, with the unresolved election in Minnesota causing that seat to remain vacant. In these special elections, the winner was seated during 2008 or before January 3, 2009, sorted by election date, then state, then class. Another Democrat, former Congressman Ronnie Shows, also filed to run, but he withdrew in February 2008 and endorsed Musgrove. [18], An ex-oil company executive, Bill Allen, paid for part of the renovation costs on Stevens's personal residence. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 set off an economic panic that spread globally. In the 2008 election, first-term incumbent Republican senator Saxby Chambliss was opposed primarily by Democrat Jim Martin, as well as third party candidates, including Libertarian Allen Buckley and Eleanor Garcia of the Socialist Workers Party. Democratic former Governor Ronnie Musgrove challenged Wicker. Barrasso won on Election Day, taking 73% of the vote and winning every county in the state. [103] Three consecutive monthly Rasmussen Reports poll showed Shaheen defeating Sununu by 49% to 41%. Occasionally one party maintains such an overwhelming majority that it becomes necessary for majority party members to sit on the minority party side in the Senate Chamber. Libertarian Kent Marmon also ran. State. Such seating became known as the Cherokee Strip, a reference to the region in Oklahoma with land that at the time belonged neither to the Indian Territory nor the United States. The only desks that are not assigned in the traditional manner are the Daniel Webster Desk, which is always occupied by the senior senator from New Hampshire; the Jefferson Davis Desk, which is given to the senior senator from Mississippi; and the Henry Clay Desk, which is given to the senior senator from Kentucky. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Former Governor Mike Johanns, who recently resigned as Agriculture Secretary, was the Republican nominee, having defeated opponent Pat Flynn 87-13 in the primary. In nine races the margin of victory was under 10%. In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning January 3, 2009; ordered by state. [169] In the primary on August 19, Goodenough was defeated by a political newcomer, Gillette defense attorney Nick Carter, who became Barrasso's opponent in the general election.[170]. [54] Chad Koppie, a retired airline pilot and vice-chairman of the Illinois Center Right Coalition, was the nominee of the Constitution Party. Pryor is the son of longtime U.S. senator and former Arkansas Governor David Pryor. [92] Initially, a Mississippi Circuit Court judge sided with Hood, ruling that the election take place on or before March 19, 2008. The Electoral College is the process in which the United States elects its president. Obama received more votes than any candidate in history. Contact | All seats in the House were up for election, including seats of the 435 voting representatives from the states and the 6 non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and five U.S. territories. The first month of the Republican primaries was competitive with Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee securing a victory in the Iowa caucus and McCain winning New Hampshire. Republican. States shown here did not allocate all their available electoral votes to one candidate. Sara Lobman of the Socialist Workers Party and Independent Anthony Fisher were also declared candidates. Democrats held at least 57 seats as a result of the election. State Representative Joel Dykstra announced his candidacy on July 5, 2007. simplemaps_election.colors = {'R': '#a45a4f','D':'#415490','T':'#D6D6D6'}; [32], Other candidates included Bob Kinsey of Denver as the Green Party nominee,[33] Douglas "Dayhorse" Campbell as the American Constitution Party's nominee,[34] and Independent candidate Buddy Moore, unaffiliated any party.[35]. [137] Conley, whose victory in the Democratic primary over Michael Cone was a surprise, is a former Republican who supported Ron Paul in 2008 and campaigned as the more conservative candidate on some issues, notably illegal immigration and the bailout of Wall Street. Pryor won on election day, with 79.53% of the vote. Obama won the general election with 52.9 percent of the popular vote and 365 of the 538 electoral votes. Independent. Governors No Toss Ups 45 Democrats * Toss Ups 7 Republicans 48 38 Safe or Not Up 6 1 7 2 4 42 Safe or Not Up 51 Seats Needed. The goal of having two senators per state is to have each state equally represented in the senate. McCain sought to connect his campaign to the maverick image he received during his unsuccessful 2000 bid. Today, Democrats traditionally sit on the presiding officer's right, and Republicans on the left. Senate Catalogue of Fine Art McCain also hoped that Palins youth and relatability to conservative women would buoy his campaign. Collins won on election day with 61% of the vote, compared to 39% for Allen. This was the first time the party nominated a candidate for statewide office. On Election Day, Udall defeated Schaffer 53% to 43%. Challenging Levin were Republican State Representative Jack Hoogendyk, Green candidate Harley G. Mikkelson, US Taxpayers' candidate Mike Nikitin, Libertarian professor Scotty Boman, and Natural Law's candidate Doug Dern.[69]. The 2008 election was the first in 56 years in which neither an incumbent president nor a vice president ran Bush was constitutionally limited from seeking a third term by the Twenty-second Amendment; Vice President Dick Cheney chose not to seek the presidency. [90][91] It had been speculated that Lott wished to resign before a new lobbying reform law, effective the first day of 2008, took effect; having resigned before the end of 2007, Lott may become a lobbyist in 2009 instead of 2010. Democratic candidates defeated Republican incumbents in Alaska; New Hampshire; North Carolina; Oregon; and, after a lengthy recount process, Minnesota. It is a way to view the relative competitiveness of each state. senate.gov - Origins wikipedia.org - United States Senate The incumbent governors of Puerto Rico, Anbal Acevedo Vil, and American Samoa, Togiola Tulafono, were also up for re-election. The 2008 electoral map is above. Barkley received 437,404 votes, about 15% of total votes cast.[84]. R+46. Utah. Mr. Lewis was serving as the chairman of the Libertarian Party of Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County. Daniel Lewis ran as a Libertarian candidate for the United States Senate. Domestic policy and the economy eventually emerged as the main themes in the last few months of the election campaign after the onset of the 2008 economic crisis. Incumbent Mary Landrieu was elected in 1996 following a recount and was narrowly re-elected in 2002 in a runoff election. Have questions about Senate art? McCain still won the white vote, though Obamas share of the vote was large enough to win in some Republican areas. Christian activist Larry Kilgore of Mansfield, Texas, was a Republican challenger for the March 2008 primary election, but Cornyn easily won the Republican primary. The presidential election, which was won by Democrat Barack Obama, elections for all House of Representatives seats; elections for several gubernatorial elections; and many state and local elections occurred on the same date. To win the presidency, a candidate must win a majority of all electors.