Therefore, the platoon must make maximum use of the terrain and employ effective observation techniques to avoid exposing itself to a well-concealed and camouflaged enemy. The section leader must continue to use route planning, mechanical navigational aids, visual observation of terrain features, and manual techniques to ensure that the sections are in proper position. Army Doctrine Publication 3-90 Chapter 2-59 reads, "There are eight forms of contact: visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic." To help with remembering all eight, the initialism "DINOCAVE" is sometimes used. During mounted and dismounted movement, the platoon employs combat formations when the terrain supports their use or when the mission or reconnaissance objective is very focused. astrosage virgo daily horoscope. Urban areas, including towns and villages, pose many potential dangers for the reconnaissance platoon. Delays may result when groups must avoid enemy contact. Indirect. Purposes. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield either to initiate contact with the enemy or to reach a destination when contact with the enemy along the way is possible.. He keeps the commander informed of his actions. Movement is not maneuver. 1. Known as danger areas, these are likely points of enemy contact due both to the platoon's vulnerability and to the cover, concealment, and observation these sites afford to the enemy. Effectively employed, movement techniques allow the platoon to find and observe threats without being compromised. The move-set method can be used to control bounding overwatch within the reconnaissance section regardless of the platoon organization. The rest of the platoon moves on to establish far-side security, monitor any changes in the enemy situation, and support the hasty attack by a friendly unit. (1) Visual Contact, Undetected by the Enemy. Dismounted bounding overwatch. The platoon leader identifies and highlights danger areas when he performs his map reconnaissance during TLP. Remain focused on the reconnaissance objective. The platoon leader attempts to hand off responsibility for the enemy element. If the section or team receives fire from the enemy, it returns fire but only with the intent of breaking direct fire contact. This chapter focuses on the movement techniques and formations that combine to provide the platoon leader with options for moving his unit. Fighting through the enemy force is the least preferred COA. When engagement is complete and the enemy is destroyed, the COA is obvious: the section or team continues its mission. The platoon leader must use all available optics and other assets, including GSR, to reconnoiter the open area and find a bypass, if applicable. He keeps the commander informed of what he is doing as he executes the COA. As a general rule, the platoon, section, or team should disengage from the enemy as early in the contact as possible. This formation uses the two-section organization. Reconnaissance forces normally conduct exfiltration via land routes dismounted when friendly lines are close or no other extraction method is feasible. Exposed sections or teams should maintain minimum silhouette in their vehicles because of the danger from close-in snipers and ambush. Sneakers typically force runners to land on their heels, sending shocks throughout the body. (3) Column Formation. Do not replace operational graphics with an over-reliance on waypoint land navigation techniques. Vehicles are positioned 100 to 150 meters apart (Figure 3-7). Visual contact (friendly elements may or may not be observed by the enemy). The platoon must approach hills and curves cautiously, and dismounted members must clear any dead space. The platoon may also break contact and bypass when it has made contact with an enemy force that cannot adversely affect the mission of the platoon's higher headquarters. (2) Wedge Formation. As he moves along the prescribed route or axis of advance during execution, the leader navigates from waypoint to waypoint and reports locations using the waypoints as checkpoints or phase lines. Traveling, which is usually employed in secured areas, is used equally at the section and platoon levels. Example platoon coil formation. This technique is appropriate because of the extremely short fields of view and the danger of dismounted ambush. This information is part of the mission analysis during troop-leading procedures (discussed in Chapter 2). The lead reconnaissance element (section or team) identifies an enemy element consisting of one enemy reconnaissance vehicle. They are organized using the four-step process. Maintain contact to support an attack on an inferior force. On signal, the overwatch vehicle moves forward to a position abreast of the lead vehicle (second move) and halts. This is usually more rapid than successive bounds. (c) Elements not in contact temporarily halt in covered and or concealed positions, monitor the incoming reports, and plot the situation on their maps. (a) Deploy and Report. These specific instructions must include focus of the reconnaissance, tempo of the operation, engagement criteria, and the desired COA based on the size and activity of the enemy force encountered. The leader analyzes the terrain for routes that provide protection from direct and indirect fires and from ground and aerial observation. Based on task organization, the reconnaissance platoon leader must carefully assess METT-TC factors before deciding upon this COA. In densely wooded areas, mounted elements are extremely vulnerable to dismounted enemy forces that can close on them undetected. The reconnaissance platoon employs movement techniques for a number of reasons (to minimize exposure, maintain freedom of movement, maximize available tactical options, and react effectively to contact). This type of operation may require the battalion to activate its escape and evasion plan or to deploy a reaction or support force to help extract the friendly elements. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. The size of the elements within the reconnaissance platoon depends on several factors: the assigned mission, time available, cover and concealment, target acquisition capabilities of both friendly and enemy forces, available communications assets, and navigation capabilities and limitations. In all situations, leaders must plan exfiltration as carefully as infiltration. What type of reconnaissance is patrol? Wiki User. Before each mission, the leader designates the duration between digital and analog position updates. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. (See Figure 3-13, for an illustration of dismounted bounding overwatch.) As these patrols discover the enemy and add additional information to the platoon leader's picture, the platoon leader may determine he has sufficient information to choose and execute a COA or to make a recommendation to his commander. Troops can be garrisoned in villages, snipers can dominate approaches, and buildings and roads can be mined and booby-trapped. The steps that make up actions on contact must be thoroughly trained and rehearsed so that the platoon can react instinctively, as a team, whenever it encounters enemy forces. (b) Evaluate and Develop the Situation. (f) Establish a Hasty Defense. The battalion must carefully coordinate and rehearse employment of the reaction force and supporting fires before initiating the infiltration (or other tactical mission, if applicable). To shape the engagement area by forcing enemy elements to turn, slow down, stop, or flank themselves at . (3) Bounding Overwatch. In most cases, planning for an exfiltration operation begins at the same time as planning for the infiltration (or other tactical operation) that precedes it. Dinocap is a contact fungicide used to control powdery mildew on many crops and is also used as a . (b) If detected by the enemy, the section or team uses a combination of mounted and dismounted reconnaissance. Traveling overwatch and bounding overwatch are most often executed at the section level. At a minimum, the platoon must rehearse and be ready to execute these potential COAs: e. The Four Steps of Actions on Contact. Whenever possible, the reconnaissance platoon should reconnoiter urban areas from a distance, execute hand-off to follow-on elements, and bypass if possible. Refer to the seven general categories of contact discussed in paragraph 3-4c. The dismounted platoon members make contact as the lead platoon vehicle is engaged. Study now. What is a light mortar? Contact with obstacles of enemy or unknown origin. The platoon then displaces its OPs to successive positions in depth while maintaining contact with the enemy. The platoon leader should consider all available COAs, including those outlined in the following discussion. These aids also provide directional information for movement and target acquisition, and they augment operational planning graphics such as checkpoints, boundaries, coordination points, and phase lines. (2) Developing the situation is a critical step in choosing the correct COA and providing an accurate, timely report to the commander. It uses bounding overwatch because of the possibility of enemy contact. Once they determine that the enemy in contact cannot influence them, they continue their mission with the platoon leader's approval. Leaders and soldiers must remain proficient in using basic land navigation and terrain orientation skills. c. In the conduct of most tactical missions, the reconnaissance platoon may move as separate sections or sections under the command and control of the platoon leader. (1) Platoon members should use available terrain to scan the wooded area before entering. Initial Contact. (b) If the commander and the S2 have anticipated the enemy situation the reconnaissance platoon is reporting, they will already have addressed the contingency in the OPORD and given guidance to their subordinates on what COA the platoon should execute. a. (1) Single-Lane Infiltration. Technology aids, such as the GPS, can assist the sections in location positioning during movement and allow the sections to move using predetermined waypoints as guides. If they determine the area is clear, the platoon brings vehicles forward to observation positions. They must also state what actions the reconnaissance platoon must take if it must exfiltrate unexpectedly. Study MCCC Company Phase Exam flashcards. While attempting to develop the situation, the section or team may find that it cannot determine the exact enemy situation for a number of possible reasons to include obstacles, combat losses, suppressive fires by the enemy, or the size and extent of the enemy position. (1) Traveling. If detected, an infiltrating element typically returns fire, breaks contact, and reports. (a) Disengage from Enemy Contact. The platoon should then practice this SOP as a drill so that correct execution of the coil becomes automatic. a. Infiltration is a form of maneuver that entails movement by small groups or individuals, at extended or irregular intervals, through or into an area occupied by an enemy or friendly force, while avoiding contact with the enemy. (b) Evaluate the Situation. (a) Alternate Bounds. After reporting the initial contact to higher headquarters and receiving the order to break contact, the patrol disengages. Designating a line of departure (LD) to use as a handoff line to the attacking unit. The lead vehicle then bounds past the destroyed vehicle and establishes far-side security. Route Planning. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. They should use radio listening silence except to report contact with enemy forces or to send critical information that the commander has directed them to report immediately. From this position, he establishes local security (a hasty OP) and monitors and controls the efforts of his sections or teams. Physical Audio Direct Indirect Electronic CBRN Visual Civilian. (3) Combination of Methods. Due to the complexity of these operations, the battalion staff and the reconnaissance platoon leader conduct detailed planning. However, troops must approach and move through them with extreme caution. He then employs specific reconnaissance methods and movement techniques to either avoid the danger areas or move through them as quickly as possible and with as much security as possible. The battalion commander determines if the battalion moves along single or multiple infiltration lanes with forces in the infiltration lanes separated by space and time. When the leader grants permission, they use covered and concealed routes back to the vehicle positions and remount the vehicles. The platoon must be prepared to execute actions on contact under any of the following conditions: Whether the platoon remains undetected or is identified by enemy forces, it must first take actions to protect itself, find out what it is up against, and decide on a COA. Figure 3-9. It allows the platoon to cover the most ground systematically with maximum reconnaissance forward (Figure 3-3). As an example, a two-vehicle section may use bounding overwatch (Figure 3-12). Figure 3-3. (2) The leader identifies adjacent units and creates additional graphic control measures as needed on his operations overlay. When conducting movement in a secure area, it is appropriate to specify the order of march by SOP. The platoon is attacking separately or as part of a larger unit. The platoon always executes the coil from the column or staggered column, using the four-vehicle organization. Leaders must focus information-gathering assets (GSR, TUAVs, human intelligence [HUMINT], and RSTA) to provide detailed enemy locations and intentions. Normally, the platoon leader briefs the section leaders on the route and speed and then allows the lead section to control the column movement. When moving as teams, the size of the teams makes detection less likely. It stops inside the wood line, ensuring it is still within the shadow line of the woods. The overwatch vehicle engages the source of enemy fire by calling for indirect fire support, then monitors to ensure the contact report is sent. As they develop new information, they send spot reports to the platoon leader. Traveling is the fastest but least secure movement technique. What is a military retrograde operation? What are the 8 forms of contact Army? (2) Once it has reconnoitered the area using visual, digital, and sensor enablers, the platoon moves across the area. It searches for antitank (AT) ditches, minefields, wire, or other obstacles that could force friendly forces into a fire sack. For example, when a section or team repeatedly misses mandatory radio contact, other elements must assume that the element has a communications problem, is in trouble, or both. b. Instead, the platoon leader immediately issues orders to his sections and contacts the MGS platoon leader to initiate coordination for handover of the enemy and support of the MGS platoon's hasty attack. Wooded Areas. These fires serve to suppress the enemy, reducing his ability to observe the reconnaissance platoon; they also fix the enemy's attention on the last known location of the mounted element. Regardless of the likelihood of enemy contact, the platoon should always use bounding overwatch if time is available and when there is a possibility of enemy contact. What he wants the section to do after the bounding element gets to the next position. (1) During dismounted movement, the section leader allows the lead team to move along covered and concealed routes as long as it does not deviate too far from the axis, route, or direction of attack. (2) Traveling Overwatch. Technology can assist in navigational planning and execution, but soldiers, and especially leaders, should be trained and able to navigate and send accurate reports, day or night, using all methods of navigation. Prior to any mission, the reconnaissance platoon leader must receive a detailed IPB of the area of operations from the battalion S2. Preparing and coordinating fire support for the friendly attack. The reconnaissance platoon should develop a coil SOP based on its mission-essential task list (METL), war plans, and most frequently used organizations. Publicado en junio 16, 2022 por junio 16, 2022 por Tactics. Platoon and section leaders and VCs use position updates from their navigation systems and analog information to assist in following their planned routes. The leader is then able to plan for contact and determine how to employ TTP, such as the proper movement techniques, to reduce the occurrence of chance contact. The POSNAV enables mounted elements to use greater dispersion during movement without losing awareness of vehicle positions. This security technique involves the use of short-duration OPs consisting of mounted or dismounted soldiers with necessary observation equipment. This paragraph discusses the technological advantages of the mobility systems and C3 subsystems of the reconnaissance platoon as operational aids for planning, navigating, controlling, and executing combat operations. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). He ensures that the COA is within the capabilities of the platoon, allows platoon members to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and supports the commander's concept of the operation. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). As the unit responsible for the attack moves into position, the reconnaissance element in contact may rejoin the platoon or be placed OPCON to the attacking unit to ease command, control, and coordination (Figure 3-16). The principles of route selection, movement formations, and movement security are critical to the success of the exfiltration operation. Ask an Expert. A system failure, an inability of the GPS to acquire satellites, or a lag time in position updates could prove disastrous in combat if the leader relies solely on the system. d. Control Measures. 1 / 8. Develop a COA 4. The earlier in the contact that the platoon leader can make this decision, the better. When the enemy force reaches the OP disengagement criteria (the point at which the OPs must displace or risk detection and engagement by the enemy), the OPs pass off responsibility for tracking the enemy to other OPs in depth. They do not have exact geometric dimensions and design. To achieve a positional advantage to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance. The infiltrating elements employ cover, concealment, and stealth to move through gaps templated by the battalion S2 in the enemy array. Each section leader and VC should have, as a minimum, the locations of every element in the platoon on his C3 subsystem. There are three major types of dismounted operations: local security tasks, OPs, and patrols. The exfiltration plan and OPORD must address these factors. Exporting a Capture design to a PDF file requires access to a ghostscript converter. Just another site. What are the three forms of the defense? When the entire platoon or section has moved back to the rally point, it consolidates and reorganizes, reports its status to the higher headquarters, and continues the mission. Two-section platoon line formation. To locate unobserved routes through enemy positions. Based on the initial spot report of the reconnaissance section or team in contact, the platoon leader determines that he has located his primary reconnaissance objective. (g) Conduct Target Handoff. (2) Exfiltration by Land. This gives the platoon the greatest possible flexibility to maneuver and develop the situation. (a) The reconnaissance section or team that makes initial visual contact with the enemy deploys to covered terrain that affords good observation and fields of fire. The platoon may infiltrate by sections, by teams, or as a complete platoon. Figure 3-15. It employs movement routes that put ridgelines, rivers, and other restrictive terrain between the platoon and enemy security forces. A good technique is to plot the waypoints to coincide with other graphic control measures such as checkpoints and rally points or significant terrain features.