[121] For example, Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, "even when measured by late quattrocento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards. [18] Alessandro Vezzosi believes that the painting is characteristic of Leonardo's style in the final years of his life, post-1513. Il emporta l'oeuvre en France en 1516 et mourut au clos Lucé, à côté d'Amboise,  le 2 mai 1519, protégé par François 1er jusqu'au terme de sa vie. [99][100], The picture is kept under strict, climate-controlled conditions in its bulletproof glass case. Les couleurs froides à la nature". After going through the queue, a group has about 30 seconds to see the painting. [123] The Mona Lisa was regarded as "just another Leonardo until early last century, when the scandal of the painting's theft from the Louvre and subsequent return kept a spotlight on it over several years. "Restait ce pont dont je ne comprenais pas la présence jusqu'au moment où j'ai lu Carlo Pedretti, le grand spécialiste de Léonard de Vinci, capable d'écrire comme lui de la main gauche et à l'envers. [58][59][60][61] However, by 1993, Frank Zöllner observed that the painting surface had never been trimmed;[62] this was confirmed through a series of tests in 2004. Le commanditaire de l'oeuvre est Francesco del Giocondo, riche marchand florentin qui s'adresse au peintre le plus célèbre de son temps, Léonard de Vinci. Le peintre : Né à Florence, Léonard de Vinci est probablement le peintre le plus célèbre de l’histoire, grâce à ce tableau. Le tableau est fascinant parce que sa densité et sa sobriété font qu'il n'arrête pas de renvoyer la réflexion et le regard au regard..." (Daniel Arasse, p. 39-40). [article du journal Libération]. € [76] On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari),[12] is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa (mona being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects), but this is rare in English. Qu'est-ce qui constitue l'attirance de ce tableau ? M. Vincenti, dont l'équipe s'était fait connaître en juillet en identifiant les restes du Caravage, a mis cette réaction sur le compte de l'embarras. Analyse de la Joconde : Peinture à l'huile sur un panneau de bois de peuplier, aux dimensions de 77 x 53 cm, ce portrait emprunte à la technique du « sfumato », qui lui donne cet aspect vaporeux et brumeux. L’addition des glacis, et la forte présence de manganèse ou de cuivre, apparaît clairement dans les trois chefs-d’œuvre du Louvre, Monna Lisa, Saint Jean Baptiste, et la Vierge à l’enfant avec sainte Anne. ... pendant le règne de Napoléon et de nouveau pendant la guerre Franco-Prussienne. Raphael's Young Woman with Unicorn, c. 1506, Raphael's Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–15), Le rire (The Laugh) by Eugène Bataille, or Sapeck (1883), Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), oil on canvas, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Marguerite Agniel "As Mona Lisa" by Robert Henri, c. 1929, Today the Mona Lisa is considered the most famous painting in the world, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks. (Daniel Arasse, p. 37-38). Analyse globale de l’œuvre : observation et discussion PROLONGEMENTS HDA: Arts du langage : associer l’étude de ce tableau à la lecture du livre : « Le sourire de la Joconde », RMN, … Lire des documents qui parlent de Léonard de Vinci, peintre mais aussi ingénieur et inventeur Léonard a sûrement peint non seulement le portrait d'une femme, mais aussi le portrait d'une expression. "Possibly it was another portrait of which no record and no copies exist—Giuliano de' Medici surely had nothing to do with the. En réalité, il y a un hiatus, caché, transformé par la figure elle-même et par le sourire de la Joconde. The Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the museum; the painting remained on display in its gallery. "C’est pour cette raison que l’humeur de la Joconde nous reste mystérieuse et nous échappe sans cesse", analyse l’historien de l’art Ernst Gombrich en 1950. A later restorer glued and lined the resulting socket and crack with cloth. Since then, bulletproof glass has been used to shield the painting from any further attacks. [6] The painting's novel qualities include the subject's enigmatic expression,[7] the monumentality of the composition, the subtle modelling of forms, and the atmospheric illusionism. M. Vincenti a fait état de fortes similitudes entre les traits des visages des protagonistes du Saint Jean Baptiste et L'Ange incarné avec le nez et la bouche de Mona Lisa. Denizard was directed to clean the picture without solvent, and to lightly touch up several scratches to the painting with watercolour. Des chercheurs italiens spécialisés dans la levée des mystères artistiques ont affirmé mercredi qu'un jeune homme avait servi de modèle pour La Joconde, une thèse qui laisse sceptiques les experts du Louvre. [28] Zöllner notes that the sitter's general position can be traced back to Flemish models and that "in particular the vertical slices of columns at both sides of the panel had precedents in Flemish portraiture. It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. [14], In response to the announcement of the discovery of this document, Vincent Delieuvin, the Louvre representative, stated "Leonardo da Vinci was painting, in 1503, the portrait of a Florentine lady by the name of Lisa del Giocondo. [39], Research in 2003 by Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University said that Mona Lisa's smile disappears when observed with direct vision, known as foveal. "Les couleurs chaudes sont réservés au modèle. En quoi La Joconde exprime-t-elle l'idéal de la Renaissance et de l'humanisme ? [36] Cotte discovered the painting had been reworked several times, with changes made to the size of the Mona Lisa's face and the direction of her gaze. Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. [86] On 2 August 2009, a Russian woman, distraught over being denied French citizenship, threw a ceramic teacup purchased at the Louvre; the vessel shattered against the glass enclosure. Je crois que la raison est plus profonde, et il m'a fallu du temps pour percevoir ce que j'en percevais. As a result, it was thought that the Mona Lisa had been trimmed. CRITIQUES DE LA JOCONDE par Jean-Michel Basquiat Introduction : La Joconde de Jean-Michel Basquiat peinte en 1983. Résine et huile. En quoi La Joconde exprime-t-elle l'idéal de la Renaissance et de l'humanisme ? [68] A number of experts have argued that Leonardo made two versions (because of the uncertainty concerning its dating and commissioner, as well as its fate following Leonardo's death in 1519, and the difference of details in Raphael's sketch—which may be explained by the possibility that he made the sketch from memory). [29], The depiction of the sitter in three-quarter profile is similar to late 15th-century works by Lorenzo di Credi and Agnolo di Domenico del Mazziere. ", "The 'Prado Mona Lisa' – The Mona Lisa Foundation", "Da Vinci's Mona Lisa Entering the Next Dimension", Tweened animated gif of Mona Lisa and Prado version, "Depth Perception and the History of Three-Dimensional Art: Who Produced the First Stereoscopic Images? Unfortunately, we cannot be absolutely certain that this portrait of Lisa del Giocondo is the painting of the Louvre."[15]. Despite the treatments, the Mona Lisa has been well cared for throughout its history, and although the panel's warping caused the curators "some worry",[98] the 2004–05 conservation team was optimistic about the future of the work. [142] Some experts, including Frank Zöllner, Martin Kemp and Luke Syson denied the attribution to Leonardo;[143][144] professors such as Salvatore Lorusso, Andrea Natali,[145] and John F Asmus supported it;[146] others like Alessandro Vezzosi and Carlo Pedretti were uncertain. Finalement Francesco del Giocondo ne reçut jamais La Joconde car le tableau était inachevé quand Léonard quitta Florence pour Milan en 1506. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. [63], The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the Mona Lisa was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. La Mona Lisa de Léonard de Vinci est un des tableaux les plus célèbres du monde. The Mona Lisa (/ˌmoʊnə ˈliːsə/; Italian: Monna Lisa [ˈmɔnna ˈliːza] or La Gioconda [la dʒoˈkonda]; French: La Joconde [la ʒɔkɔ̃d]) is a half-length portrait painting by Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci. La bouche se relève très légèrement de ce côté-là, et la transition impossible entre les deux parties du paysage se fait dans la figure, par le sourire de la figure." [31], The painting was one of the first portraits to depict the sitter in front of an imaginary landscape, and Leonardo was one of the first painters to use aerial perspective. Leonardo has chosen to place the horizon line not at the neck, as he did with Ginevra de' Benci, but on a level with the eyes, thus linking the figure with the landscape and emphasizing the mysterious nature of the painting. [74] It became the definitive example of the Renaissance portrait and perhaps for this reason is seen not just as the likeness of a real person, but also as the embodiment of an ideal. La radiographie elle aussi se révélait impuissante, tant elle était elle-même brouillée : les radios des Vinci sont fantomatiques. [22] Isabella of Aragon,[23] Cecilia Gallerani,[24] Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla,[22] Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, Bianca Giovanna Sforza—even Salaì and Leonardo himself—are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting. Sur un fond de paysage montagneux au caractère presque irréel, la jeune femme est représentée à mi-corps, assise dans une loggia. After some confusion as to whether the painting was being photographed somewhere, the Louvre was closed for a week for investigation. Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari. Forger Yves Chaudron was to have created six copies of the painting to sell in the US while concealing the location of the original. [137][138][139] However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth. C'est un indice donné au spectateur que l'étrangeté du rapport entre ce paysage chaotique et cette grâce souriante est le temps qui passe. [44] He had begun working on a portrait of Lisa del Giocondo, the model of the Mona Lisa, by October 1503. Elle prend aussi comme références les décryptages du site Peintre-Analyse.com et celle du site la-mona-lisa.oldiblog.com. [103] The renovation of the gallery where the painting now resides was financed by the Japanese broadcaster Nippon Television. Elle nous a ramené une jolie photo et le ticket du musée du Louvre : comment ne pas profiter de ce moment pour travailler sur cet artiste, sur cet œuvre …alors , … La jeune femme est, en effet, encadrée par deux blocs d'une nature plutôt inhospitalière. Analyse d oeuvre La Joconde C. Analyse d'un tableau : la Joconde - … En fait, ce qui me fascine, c'est ce qui lie profondément la figure au paysage de l'arrière-plan. La partie droite est plus haute que la partie gauche mais on ignore comment s'effectue le passage de l'une à l'autre puisque le visage de Mona Lisa coupe cet arrière-plan (cf. La Joconde est une oeuvre humaniste parce ce que : [citation needed]. Le choix est fait de représenter un mi-corps : buste et bras de la jeune femme, assise, positionnée de trois quarts mais pointant son regard vers le spectateur. Il l'explique simplement par l'anecdote historique d'un mari comblé par son épouse qui a lui a donné deux enfants mâles : "tout ce qu'on a élaboré autour du sourire de la Joconde s'effondre devant l'analyse historique" (p. 35-37). Leonardo, Carmen Bambach, Rachel Stern, and Alison Manges (2003). Les lignes et les contours disparaissent et semblent se fondre les uns dans les autres grâce à la superposition raffinée de plusieurs couches de peinture. En italien, giocondo signifie « heureux, serein ». La Joconde ou mona lisa de Léonard de Vinci,analyse et étude de la toile et du style sur peintre-analyse.com,art,culture,peinture,renaissance Before that discovery, scholars had developed several alternative views as to the subject of the painting. 3 février 2011 13:20, L'explication qui suit tient en grande partie à l'analyse et à la vision de Daniel Arasse (1944-2003), dans. [20], Peruggia was an Italian patriot who believed that Leonardo's painting should have been returned to an Italian museum. [92][71] In 2020, Cotte published a study alleging that the canvas has a underdrawing, which seems to have been transferred from a preparatory drawing by depositing charcoal in tiny holes. Once part of King Francis I of France's collection, the Mona Lisa was among the first artworks to be exhibited in the Louvre, which became a national museum after the French Revolution. "Restait ce pont dont je ne comprenais pas la présence jusqu'au moment où j'ai lu Carlo Pedretti, le grand spécialiste de Léonard de Vinci, capable d'écrire comme lui de la main gauche et à l'envers. Les chercheurs se sont attachés aux visages, dont le réalisme, la finesse de traits et le dégradé des couleurs témoignent d’une exceptionnelle maîtrise technique. The humidity is maintained at 50% ±10%, and the temperature is maintained between 18 and 21 °C. [129], In 1974, the painting was exhibited in Tokyo and Moscow. Cela signifie "enfumé", "vaporeux". The current scholarly consensus on attribution is unclear. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity. "[30] Woods-Marsden cites Hans Memling's portrait of Benedetto Portinari (1487) or Italian imitations such as Sebastiano Mainardi's pendant portraits for the use of a loggia, which has the effect of mediating between the sitter and the distant landscape, a feature missing from Leonardo's earlier portrait of Ginevra de' Benci. [114][115], The avant-garde art world has made note of the Mona Lisa's undeniable popularity. Selon M. Vincenti, les deux hommes entretenaient une relation "ambiguë" et étaient probablement amants. [106][107], The Mona Lisa began influencing contemporary Florentine painting even before its completion. [118] Andy Warhol created serigraph prints of multiple Mona Lisas, called Thirty Are Better than One, following the painting's visit to the United States in 1963. Silvano Vincenti, président du Comité national pour la valorisation des biens historiques, a assuré devant la presse étrangère à Rome qu'un jeune assistant de Léonard de Vinci, le génie de la Renaissance, appelé Salai fut le modèle du célèbre portrait de Mona Lisa. Une de mes élèves est partie à Paris et a vu la Joconde ! Chaque film demandait un temps de séchage pouvant s’étaler de plusieurs jours à quelques mois, ce qui explique que le biographe des peintres de l’époque, Giorgio Vasari, ait pu affirmer que Léonard avait pu passer, D'après Daniel Arasse, "c'est Léonard qui a inventé l'idée de faire un portait avec un sourire. Because of the painting's overwhelming stature, Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. Leonardo, later in his life, is said to have regretted "never having completed a single work". This flexible frame, which is used in addition to the decorative frame described below, exerts pressure on the panel to keep it from warping further. souriant avant La Joconde (...)". Le commanditaire de l'oeuvre est Francesco del Giocondo, riche marchand florentin qui s'adresse au peintre le plus célèbre de son temps, Léonard de Vinci. Car «toutes ne descendent pas de la Joconde du Louvre», rappelle Vincent Delieuvin. L'analyse a aussi permis de mettre au jour le projet initial de Léonard de Vinci, légèrement différent du tableau final: « Concernant les mains, la peinture finale reprend le dessin préparatoire des points de spolvero, précise Lionel Simonot. For other uses, see, Vacant wall in the Louvre's Salon Carré after the painting was stolen in 1911. [50][51][52][a], Circa 1505,[54] Raphael executed a pen-and-ink sketch, in which the columns flanking the subject are more apparent. [55][56][57] Other later copies of the Mona Lisa, such as those in the National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design and The Walters Art Museum, also display large flanking columns. It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. La famille déménage et le mari, heureux, veut installer dans la nouvelle demeure, le portrait de son épouse. C'est un homme admirable qui a passé toute sa vie avec Léonard de Vinci. La Joconde constitue réellement le portrait de l'idée de calme et de bonheur, de la beauté de la vie. "[38] Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings,[39] but this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence. Il n’aurait pas été le seul, ni même le premier, à user de cette superposition de glacis, inventée par les peintres flamands avant d’être introduite en Italie. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic itself, on permanent display at the Louvre, Paris since 1797.[10]. "Mais ce n'est pas ce qui fait que ce sourire est fascinant. Qui n’avaient jamais pu faire l’objet de prélèvements. [47] According to Vasari, "after he had lingered over it four years, [he] left it unfinished". [105], On the 500th anniversary of the master's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of Da Vinci works, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. La Joconde n’aurait pas été tracée à main levée sur le tableau – du moins pas entièrement. The woman appears alive to an unusual extent, which Leonardo achieved by his method of not drawing outlines (sfumato). Celui-ci commence à travailler en 1502/1503. au temps immémorial du chaos. 8) l'interprétation du sourire : le temps qui passe, la grâce et le chaos, "Vous me direz, et alors ? La demi-douzaine de Léonard au musée du Louvre a été analysée, les jours de fermeture, directement dans les salles.

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