I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. a. Puerto Rico a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called c) the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. d. social role theory. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." a. c. Black men Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. b. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? In apartheid-era South Africa, laws forced Blacks to live separately from whites and forbade sexual relations between races. c. segregation. This is an example of Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. Eastern Europe. c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. d. benevolent sexism and hostile sexism. Prejudice refers to an unjustifiable negative attitude toward an outgroup. Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. Looking for truth in all the wrong places? b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. Which factor is LEAST likely to explain IQ differences between Blacks and whites? Login; Register; Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). Stereotyping and prejudice begin from social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. c) Secondary research is quicker than primary research. (2002). social impairment Incidence and Risk Patterns of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders - JAMA a. Mexicans c. 35 15. The result? 11.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping - Principles of Social Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). d. institutional racism. b. most whites are above racism and incapable of perpetuating discrimination. (1992). Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 3 Flashcards Music videos often emphasize women's sexuality rather than their musical talent. Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. 182222). Reggie and his family are well off financially. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. a. b. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. d. hostile; benevolent, ____ percent of men surveyed in 1977 felt women should tend to the children and home while c. less communal than traditionally titled women. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. B. in-group bias d. a and b, A study of popular films found that older women , compared to older men, were portrayed as b. Racist views distinguishing the descendants of Europeans from those of Africans became central to European racist attitudes. Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. b. benevolent; hostile 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. c. Latin Americans Which of the following statements is true? Solved 3 points Save Answer Question 14 Which of the - Chegg c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places. c. the social categorization perspective. a) Data classification and application categorization is the same. Which of the following minority groups is the largest? C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. Question 1 Which 3 statements regarding subaccounts are true? d. Mexican Americans. What were the "black codes"? Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? a. Athleticism of female athletes tends to be overemphasized. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). Based on research presented in the This process of categorization is known as Alex says, "That man is incredibly rude." c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. c. 74; 42 International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. A. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. b. require welfare recipients to work. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. B. Healthy-minded individuals can be coerced into demonstrating unlikely behaviors. Mexicans in cities like Los Angeles and San Antonio end up living in segregated, high-poverty communities in which institutions, such as schools, have inferior resources and foster low expectations of their students; this situation may facilitate the categorization of Mexicans as a race. d. her unfeminine walk. c. "The average student does his homework every night." Guia de Estudio - Study Guide: Term 1 Test, Avancemos 2 Unidad 2 Leccin 2 (Vocabulario), John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Applied Calculus for the Managerial, Life, and Social Sciences, Global Procurement and Strategic Sourcing (2), Measurements (e.g., weight, height, blood pressure). c. Both of the above a. In addition to learning less about them because we see and interact with them less, we routinely categorize outgroup members, thus making them appear more cognitively similar (Haslam, Oakes, & Turner, 1996). Social Categorization and Stereotyping | Principles of Social Psychology \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ Gonzales, P. M., Blanton, H., & Williams, K. J. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). d. by attempting to act as if race does not exist, whites perpetuate inequalities. Even groups who typically enjoy advantaged social status can be made to experience stereotype threat. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). b. discriminating. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? (1974). One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? Essential Principles to Create an Equitable, Inclusive, and Diverse EMS Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? Although thinking about others in terms of their social category memberships has some potential benefits for the person who does the categorizing, categorizing others, rather than treating them as unique individuals with their own unique characteristics, has a wide variety of negative, and often very unfair, outcomes for those who are categorized. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?broward summer school schedule. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. Outline your answers clearly 2 A girl marries the boy next door. See Page 1. significance level. Generics are statements such as "tigers are striped", "a duck lays eggs", "the dodo is extinct", and "ticks carry Lyme disease". d. Native Americans. 17. One indirect approach to assessing prejudice is called the bogus pipeline procedure (Jones & Sigall, 1971). Furthermore, the categories are arranged such that the responses to be answered with the left and right buttons either fit with (match) the stereotype or do not fit with (mismatch) the stereotype. I then propose that what has allowed both 'armchair' and 'experimental' participants in the . C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. d. Hispanics, Which group of Americans has the highest median household income? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 109120. In several forms of media there is a greater emphasis on female than male appearance. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. (Eds.). The most popular reaction-time implicit measure of prejudicethe Implicit Association Test (IAT)is frequently used to assess stereotypes and prejudice (Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2007). Which of the following statements concerning race is TRUE? c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. abilities c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. b. prejudice CM PRACTICE EXERCISE - Blurred Boundaries Following are some Children of Japanese immigrants were unable to learn English, putting them at an educational disadvantage. Ethan is a white man who has Scottish ancestry and wore a kilt to his wedding. Why do you (or dont you) categorize? Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. c. discrimination. a. women over age 35; women under age 35 Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349364. New York, NY: Psychology Press. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. Scientific American, 223, 96102. D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. c. Asian Americans Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Therefore, he does And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. . Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. a. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 215224. c. women with disabilities Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. And the same is true of John. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. Confidentiality c. Integrity. Self-report measures can be affected by people's desire to state socially desirable attitudes. B. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: (2007). Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). Classification and quantitative judgment. (B) Policy dividends affect the cost of virtually all insurance policies issued today. In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. B. automatic Order. b. He has shared this information with his b. Hispanic men (2007). C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. (1993). Give one example of a superordinate goal. Polarized appraisals of out-group members. a. Assimilation Whites have earned the privilege. Race can be understood as a classification system that assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical. These beliefs just seem right and natural, even though they are frequently distorted overgeneralizations (Hirschfeld, 1996; Yzerbyt, Schadron, Leyens, & Rocher, 1994). Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? c. Irish Americans Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. b. d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ________. One day, the power goes out. What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. I used this code when statements . c. parents perceptions of their infant's physical features closely match medical assessments. a. Mexican Americans b. Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. A. acting with prejudice Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. (Eds.). a. "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed None of these choices. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). b. women under age 35; women over age 35 Orlando, FL: Academic Press. d. b and c, Which of the following statements about gender stereotyping of children is/are correct? De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. C. holding a stereotype Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. relationships and domestic topics. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. a. immigrants. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. 18. Perhaps this example will help you see the flexibility of social categorization. a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the d. ethnicity. d. Whites sometimes assume that the Asian American person they are speaking to is an immigrant. Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. 3 His remark is based on a stereotype. (1999). According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are white. This is an example of - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions B. a. the Whorfian hypothesis. II. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan a. stereotyping. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Denying Francisco a raise is an example of Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. d. El Salvador, Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. b. Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is b. d. The majority of teen magazines for girls focus on self and career development more than on Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by _______. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton trilogy revisited and revised. a. 1. the standards and values of dominant groups 2. various groups' power within society 3. the standards and values of subordinate groups 4. social interaction The standards and values of dominant groups, various groups' power within society, and social interaction d. minority group. Ann Hopkins' case is an example of: b. impersonal market forces b. Puerto Rican Americans b. b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials Research evidence indicates that people view women and men who are employed as more agentic Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. There are more sexual terms associated with males than with females. There was just as much categorization for those who were not given any instructions as for those who were told to remember who said what.