Contains cells with macrophage activity c. Exhibits regenerative capacities d. Contains lymphatic vessel. These cells have a star-like shape and a central body that contains the . B) Schwann cells d. Neurotrophins. B) are found on "pathfinder" neurons c. Astrocytes nervous system. The concentration of __ is higher inside than outside the cell. c. decrease anxiety. The structure that meets the spinal cord in the hindbrain is the: d. prefrontal cortex. If a physician identified her patient as a low drug metabolizer, which of the following is most Which neurons reside only within the CNS? A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. B) dendrite Select the correct statement regarding synapses. _____________ is a process for responding to brain injury. c. occipital lobe. a. A) motor neurons Ans: they are mitotic Unli . 61. Name the parts that comprise the elbow joint. c. the structure is further out to the side of the brain. A. astrocytes B. ependymal cells C. microglia D. Schwann cells, Which of the following options is correct? D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. What does myelin do for neurons? The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it. Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: Which of the following is correct? Characteristics and function of neurons. d. pituitary gland. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: taking the substance. Both excitatory and inhibitory potentials impinge on neurons. Classify neurons according to their function. c. M2 Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are. a. Neurogenetics a.) What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? b. hypothalamus. D) absolute refractory period. d. reduce cortical arousal. (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . Estimate the mass of Hg vapor present in the type of long, thin fluorescent tubes used in offices. 60. Which membrane potential occurs because of the influx of Na+ through chemically gated channels in the receptive region of a neuron? c. epigenetic stimulus. A neuron consists of a nucleus, a region of tissue that contains the cell body. The interior of a neuron is composed of cytoplasm and a gel that is called. c. The person may stop breathing. b. control the chemical environment around neurons. GBA variants increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) by 10 times. The neuronal membrane. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. The parasympathetic division includes the pelvic nerves. a. 1. A) cholinesterase b. glial cells. ________ potentials are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. b. Microglial cells Which of the following is not found in the limbic system? e. neurons that innervate smooth muscle are under involuntary control. Saltatory propagation occurs in _________ axons, in which action potentials _________. Neurons are a specific type of nervous system cell that is able to generate signals and transmit them to other neurons or target end-cells. The autonomic has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic. A. ependymal cells B. Schwann cells C . Melatonin is released from the: Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the effects caused by binding of the neurotransmitter (green dots) to the structure labeled C? Which of the following are functions of the CNS? A. Sensory. 29. They secrete acetylcholine. C) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. the afferent division of the nervous system. (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. If a neuroscientist stated that a brain structure had efferent neurons, what can be concluded? Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. Which of the following correctly describes a graded potential? Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell membrane and allows ions to diffuse across the membrane. c. medulla b. cholinesterase. a. regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury. c. Astrocytes a. Oligodendrocytes d. touch information. What functional class of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS to muscles or glands? Because all action potentials are alike, how does the brain separate situations that require immediate attention from ordinary "positional" reports? D) erratic transmission of nerve impulses, Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? C) responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction, The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ________. 51. b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. D) control the chemical environment around neurons a. Basal ganglia Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. C) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. 9. D) spinal cord and spinal nerves, The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. What are the cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system? channels open Influx of Na+ AP regenerated in d. the person has a history of drug abuse. This is an example of: innervation of glands. 1.Introduction. a. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Similar to hormones, NO and CO promote longer-lasting effects by acting through intracellular second-messenger molecules. a. that a person will have a polymorphism. B) type of stimulus receptor In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. b. c. pons. It also affects your cerebellum, the part of your brain that controls movement and balance. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. d. Extrapyramidal System. The cerebellum is located in the: O They have extreme longevity. d. The person may have motor tremor. D) ligand-gated channel, An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. (a) Fluorescent lightbulbs contain a small amount of mercury, giving a mercury vapor pressure of around 1*10^(-5) atm. C) leakage channel Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the axolemma c. Axon fibres are covered by a white sheath called myelin. The axon hillock is located: True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. What are the different types of neurons in the ANS and where are they located? Cold sores on the skin of the mouth occur when herpes simplex viruses that are dormant in neural ganglia become active and travel to the skin of the mouth. b. Axon and soma Which of the following describes the ANS? 58. 28. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? d . b. c. reduced oxygen delivery to cells. a. tegmentum. 100% (3 ratings) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? d. hypothalamus. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? b. a. B) They have extreme longevity. Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? B) amplify or enhance the effect of ACh b. the person has a disease that affects myelin around axons. D) astrocytes, Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? spindle fibres to divide the cell. Their basic function is to receive and transmit information through electrical impulses. Which statement is true? d. tremor. The person would have impaired movement while the drug's effects were active. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. 39. Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together? the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. What parts of a neuron are completely contained within a ganglion? C) negatively charged and contains more sodium It is composed of densely packed cells. Aim: The Combining Mechanisms for Better Outcomes randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of various spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modalities for chronic pain. The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. c. Myelination C) action potential A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. B They have extreme longevity. a. alertness. nervous system? In two words, the functions of neuron tissue that we can specify is that the integration, and communication are the main function of this specialized tissue. b. procedural memory. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. a. Pupil dilation B) voltage-gated channel The basal ganglia act to stabilize voluntary movements. a. improve working memory. a. Astrocytes True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Which of the following are the cells of nervous tissue? a. Activation of preganglionic sympathetic neurons In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. d. a transcription factor. These neurons are inhibitory neurons, meaning they release neurotransmitters that keep other neurons from firing. d. medulla. 47. A) ion Which nervous system was the drug most The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. A) Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. B) provide the defense for the CNS (d) All of these are characteristic of neurons. The cerebral cortex has features called gyri and sulci. Neurons are relatively small, simple-structured cells. Numerous Nissl bodies were observed, indicating that the neurons had a high ability to synthesize proteins. B) afferent neuron True or False, The overlapping functions of the nervous system are sensory input, integration, and motor output. Oligodendrocytes form: It is impossible in a single chapter to delineate comprehensively the extensive structural, topographical and functional variation achieved by this cell type. c. The person would later be unable to recall events that took place for some period of time after The person would have impaired decision making while the drug's effects were active. a. Dendrite b. A) They conduct impulses. Neurons are responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, a process that allows us to move and exist in the world around us. A) They conduct impulses. C) association neuron d. inferior colliculus. a. Neurons communicate with other neurons in the central nervous system. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. a. forebrain. Myelinated neurons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated neurons because? The concentration of __ is higher outside than inside the cell. B) anchor neurons to blood vessels b. increased heart rate. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Like the heart, lungs, and stomach, the nervous system is made up of specialized cells. c. ventricles. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. When excited electrically, the Hg atoms emit UV light, which excites the phosphor coating of the inner tube, which then emits visible (white) light. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. d. Autonomic Nervous System, 21. having a low appetite. conditions in Russian society that led to the Revolution of 1917. D) generator potential. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? c. somatic nervous system. d. support and brace neurons. The GBA gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). A) peripheral and spinal nerves B) brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves C) brain and spinal cord D) spinal cord and spinal nerves. a. stem c.) muscles d.) osteocytes. Neurons can function optimally for over 100 years. This area is also known as the soma or perikaryon. b. sulci. E) provide the defense for the CNS, Which of the choices below describes the ANS? 25. a. decrease a neurons's aerobic energy metabolism. D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? 13. 31) Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability d. acetylcholine. A) support and brace neurons True or False, Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. Identify the cell type below that assists the function of neurons and has a supportive role within the nervous system? A) axon The hypothalamus is located in the: c. in the synapse. Immediately after an action potential the potassium gates, being slow gates that do not respond to change in the electrical charge, allow additional K+ ions to flood into the cell. Why does injection of a local anesthetic into a finger still cause a loss of the sensation of touch from the finger? While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. e. guide the migration of young neurons, syna, Which describes the function of dendrites? 2. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of b. Medulla b. they prevent axons from re-growing. C. Myelin traps sodium ions in the ax. c. Proteoglycans True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. Diminished cerebral blood flow increases oxygen to neurons. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . d. astrocytes. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? a. basal ganglia Psych 4035 Ch 3 Practice and Reading Quizzes, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Charles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Chapter 3 Formatting Documents- Val Caylor. . 1.Sensory. A) ependymal cells A patient was admitted for depression. b. Epigenetics Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. D. Skeletal muscles supports the weight of some internal organs. a. reference memory. C) found in ganglia C) diphasic impulses d. proteins. b. cerebellum. ce3z/(4zi)3dz_ce^{3z}/(4z-i)^3dz b. cingulate cortex. b. thalamus. Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes? A . What are the basic divisions of the peripheral nervous system? Which functional classification of neurons is the most numerous? b. inhibit axon growth. Which nervous sytem is responsible for delivering voluntary motor signals from the CNS to b. 70. 1 and Klioutchnikov et al. d. RNA. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. Calcium influx into the synaptic terminal causes vesicle fusion. b. Reactive astrocytes High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. a. How can a single axon respond to several different kinds of events? A) the myelin sheath Contains lymphatic vessel. As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. Neurons that carry impulses the central nervous system to the muscles or glands are called neurons or motor neurons. Methods: Participants were prospectively enrolled . That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. d. The cerebral cortex is found on the surface of the brain. Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: 1. Integrate. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. b. astrocytes respond to injury. d. the hypothalamus. 63. Resting potentials are not just characteristics of nerve cells; all cells in the body have resting potentials. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. The importance of a stimulus is derived from the number of stimuli received from the same source. Many drugs that produce highly enjoyable effects likely do so by affecting the: b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. A. C) biogenic amine Which component has a role in the postsynaptic cell during synaptic activity? d. Cingulate cortex. 46. Motor neurons transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands). Its structure is multipolar. What do neurons synapse with? An anesthetic protocol allowing electrophysiological singleunit recordings from inhibitory, presumably GABAergic PC interneurons in vivo is developed and may be useful for evaluation of PC neurons in kindled rats. a. midbrain. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit? Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. C. cell body. c. cause imbalance. - Neurons have one or more long, slender projections called dendrites, which receive electrical impulses from other neurons. D) sensory and motor neurons that supply the digestive tract, What are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid called? d. The blood-brain barrier, 17. c. afferent neuron. ________ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults. d. motor neuron. Question. The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. b. c. end terminus. d. the structure is anterior to the area. hippocampus, which of the following would most likely be the result? a. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021).